🌐 Compiled from MSRB EMMA & public records · read-only public record · debt as of Sep 11, 2026 · latest trade Sep 9, 2026 · latest filing Dec 8, 2025
Credit ratings
not compiled
No agency ratings have been compiled for this issuer from EMMA’s per-security feed. This is a coverage gap, not a statement that the issuer is unrated — ratings may be stated on the official statements or the rating agencies’ own sites.
Maturity profile
par maturing by year · as of Sep 2026
Recent activity
rating actions & filings
Audited Financial Statements or ACFR filed
Dec 8, 2025 · Audited Financial Statements or ACFR: ANNUAL COMPREHENSIVE FINA…
Audited Financial Statements or ACFR filed
Dec 3, 2024 · Audited Financial Statements or ACFR: ANNUAL COMPREHENSIVE FINA…
Audited Financial Statements or ACFR filed
Dec 1, 2023 · Audited Financial Statements or ACFR: ANNUAL COMPREHENSIVE FINA…
Audited Financial Statements or ACFR filed
Dec 7, 2022 · Audited Financial Statements or ACFR: ANNUAL COMPREHENSIVE FINA…
Audited Financial Statements or ACFR filed
Dec 15, 2021 · Audited Financial Statements or ACFR: Annual Comprehensive Fina…
Larger than 92% of MI issuers by debt outstanding · #120 of 1460
Debt overview
EMMA-derived
Outstanding par (EMMA est.)—
Securities123
Callable72%
Debt service
estimated principal + interest by year
Estimated at current coupons — principal at maturity plus a full year’s interest on bonds still outstanding. Compiled from EMMA security data; not a substitute for the official statement.
Outstanding securities
123
Outstanding securities for Dearborn Michigan
CUSIP
Series / description
Coupon
Maturity
Outstanding
Ratings
First call
242559JX1
—
—
Apr 1, 2027
—
—
—
242559PU0
DEARBORN MICH GO SWR BDS 2017 B (MI)*
3.0%
Apr 1, 2027
$475,000
—
—
242559MS8
DEARBORN MICH ULTD TAXS GO SWR REF BDS 2014 (MI)*
3.25%
Apr 1, 2027
$1,000,000
—
May 20, 2026
242559SV5
DEARBORN MICH UNLTD TAX GO SWR BDS 2018 (MI)*
4.0%
Apr 1, 2027
$350,000
—
—
242559NJ7
DEARBORN MICH GO ULTD TAX SWR BDS 2017 (MI)*
3.0%
Apr 1, 2027
$350,000
—
—
242423CA7
DEARBORN BROWNFIELD REDEV AUTH MICH LTD TAX GO DEV RE…
2.0%
May 1, 2027
$435,000
—
—
242559PF3
DEARBORN MICH GO LTD TAX CAP IMPT BDS 2017 (MI)*
3.0%
May 1, 2027
$840,000
—
—
242559RP9
DEARBORN MICH CAP IMPT BDS 2018 (MI)*
3.25%
May 1, 2027
$675,000
—
—
242423BG5
DEARBORN BROWNFIELD REDEV AUTH MICH LTD TAX GO REDEV …
3.0%
May 1, 2027
$215,000
—
—
242559SJ2
DEARBORN MICH LTD GO BDS 2018 (MI)*
3.68%
May 1, 2027
$1,165,000
—
—
242559QT2
DEARBORN MICH CAP IMPT LTD TAX GO BDS 2017 B (MI)*
3.0%
May 1, 2027
$165,000
—
—
242559TX0
DEARBORN MICH LTD TAX GO BDS 2018 B (MI)*
3.879%
May 1, 2027
$1,750,000
—
—
242559MT6
DEARBORN MICH ULTD TAXS GO SWR REF BDS 2014 (MI)*
3.25%
Apr 1, 2028
$1,210,000
—
May 22, 2026
242559PV8
DEARBORN MICH GO SWR BDS 2017 B (MI)*
3.0%
Apr 1, 2028
$800,000
—
April 1, 2027
242559JY9
—
4.625%
Apr 1, 2028
$2,200,000
—
—
242559NK4
DEARBORN MICH GO ULTD TAX SWR BDS 2017 (MI)*
3.0%
Apr 1, 2028
$365,000
—
April 1, 2027
242559SW3
DEARBORN MICH UNLTD TAX GO SWR BDS 2018 (MI)*
4.0%
Apr 1, 2028
$800,000
—
—
242559PG1
DEARBORN MICH GO LTD TAX CAP IMPT BDS 2017 (MI)*
3.0%
May 1, 2028
$865,000
—
May 1, 2027
242559RQ7
DEARBORN MICH CAP IMPT BDS 2018 (MI)*
3.25%
May 1, 2028
$700,000
—
May 1, 2027
242423BH3
DEARBORN BROWNFIELD REDEV AUTH MICH LTD TAX GO REDEV …
3.0%
May 1, 2028
$235,000
—
May 1, 2027
242559TY8
DEARBORN MICH LTD TAX GO BDS 2018 B (MI)*
3.979%
May 1, 2028
$1,815,000
—
—
242559QU9
DEARBORN MICH CAP IMPT LTD TAX GO BDS 2017 B (MI)*
3.0%
May 1, 2028
$170,000
—
May 1, 2027
242559SK9
DEARBORN MICH LTD GO BDS 2018 (MI)*
3.8%
May 1, 2028
$1,210,000
—
—
242423CB5
DEARBORN BROWNFIELD REDEV AUTH MICH LTD TAX GO DEV RE…
2.0%
May 1, 2028
$445,000
—
—
242559JZ6
—
4.625%
Apr 1, 2029
$1,200,000
—
—
242559PW6
DEARBORN MICH GO SWR BDS 2017 B (MI)*
3.0%
Apr 1, 2029
$1,100,000
—
April 1, 2027
242559MU3
DEARBORN MICH ULTD TAXS GO SWR REF BDS 2014 (MI)*
3.375%
Apr 1, 2029
$1,275,000
—
May 22, 2026
242559SX1
DEARBORN MICH UNLTD TAX GO SWR BDS 2018 (MI)*
4.0%
Apr 1, 2029
$975,000
—
April 1, 2028
242559NL2
DEARBORN MICH GO ULTD TAX SWR BDS 2017 (MI)*
3.0%
Apr 1, 2029
$380,000
—
April 1, 2027
242423CC3
DEARBORN BROWNFIELD REDEV AUTH MICH LTD TAX GO DEV RE…
2.0%
May 1, 2029
$455,000
—
—
242423AN1
DEARBORN BROWNFIELD REDEV AUTH MICH GO REDEV BDS 2009…
5.5%
May 1, 2029
$1,205,000
—
—
242559RR5
DEARBORN MICH CAP IMPT BDS 2018 (MI)*
3.25%
May 1, 2029
$720,000
—
May 1, 2027
242559QV7
DEARBORN MICH CAP IMPT LTD TAX GO BDS 2017 B (MI)*
3.0%
May 1, 2029
$175,000
—
May 1, 2027
242559PH9
DEARBORN MICH GO LTD TAX CAP IMPT BDS 2017 (MI)*
3.0%
May 1, 2029
$895,000
—
May 1, 2027
242559TZ5
DEARBORN MICH LTD TAX GO BDS 2018 B (MI)*
4.079%
May 1, 2029
$1,890,000
—
May 1, 2028
242559SY9
DEARBORN MICH UNLTD TAX GO SWR BDS 2018 (MI)*
4.0%
Apr 1, 2030
$1,025,000
—
April 1, 2028
242559KA9
—
—
Apr 1, 2030
—
—
—
242559NM0
DEARBORN MICH GO ULTD TAX SWR BDS 2017 (MI)*
3.0%
Apr 1, 2030
$395,000
—
April 1, 2027
242559PX4
DEARBORN MICH GO SWR BDS 2017 B (MI)*
3.0%
Apr 1, 2030
$1,150,000
—
April 1, 2027
242559MV1
DEARBORN MICH ULTD TAXS GO SWR REF BDS 2014 (MI)*
3.5%
Apr 1, 2030
$1,310,000
—
May 20, 2026
242559PJ5
DEARBORN MICH GO LTD TAX CAP IMPT BDS 2017 (MI)*
3.0%
May 1, 2030
$920,000
—
May 1, 2027
242423CD1
DEARBORN BROWNFIELD REDEV AUTH MICH LTD TAX GO DEV RE…
2.0%
May 1, 2030
$460,000
—
—
242423BJ9
DEARBORN BROWNFIELD REDEV AUTH MICH LTD TAX GO REDEV …
3.0%
May 1, 2030
$490,000
—
May 1, 2027
242559QW5
DEARBORN MICH CAP IMPT LTD TAX GO BDS 2017 B (MI)*
3.0%
May 1, 2030
$180,000
—
May 1, 2027
242559RS3
DEARBORN MICH CAP IMPT BDS 2018 (MI)*
3.25%
May 1, 2030
$745,000
—
May 1, 2027
242559MW9
DEARBORN MICH ULTD TAXS GO SWR REF BDS 2014 (MI)*
3.5%
Apr 1, 2031
$1,370,000
—
May 20, 2026
242559KB7
—
—
Apr 1, 2031
—
—
—
242559SZ6
DEARBORN MICH UNLTD TAX GO SWR BDS 2018 (MI)*
4.0%
Apr 1, 2031
$1,075,000
—
April 1, 2028
242559PY2
DEARBORN MICH GO SWR BDS 2017 B (MI)*
3.0%
Apr 1, 2031
$1,200,000
—
April 1, 2027
242559NN8
DEARBORN MICH GO ULTD TAX SWR BDS 2017 (MI)*
3.0%
Apr 1, 2031
$410,000
—
April 1, 2027
242559PK2
DEARBORN MICH GO LTD TAX CAP IMPT BDS 2017 (MI)*
3.0%
May 1, 2031
$950,000
—
May 1, 2027
242559RT1
DEARBORN MICH CAP IMPT BDS 2018 (MI)*
3.25%
May 1, 2031
$775,000
—
May 1, 2027
242559QX3
DEARBORN MICH CAP IMPT LTD TAX GO BDS 2017 B (MI)*
3.0%
May 1, 2031
$185,000
—
May 1, 2027
242423CE9
DEARBORN BROWNFIELD REDEV AUTH MICH LTD TAX GO DEV RE…
2.0%
May 1, 2031
$470,000
—
—
242423BK6
DEARBORN BROWNFIELD REDEV AUTH MICH LTD TAX GO REDEV …
3.1%
May 1, 2031
$255,000
—
May 1, 2027
242559SL7
DEARBORN MICH LTD GO BDS 2018 (MI)*
3.96%
May 1, 2031
$3,915,000
—
May 1, 2028
242559PZ9
DEARBORN MICH GO SWR BDS 2017 B (MI)*
3.0%
Apr 1, 2032
$1,275,000
—
April 1, 2027
242559TA0
DEARBORN MICH UNLTD TAX GO SWR BDS 2018 (MI)*
4.0%
Apr 1, 2032
$1,125,000
—
April 1, 2028
242559NP3
DEARBORN MICH GO ULTD TAX SWR BDS 2017 (MI)*
3.125%
Apr 1, 2032
$430,000
—
April 1, 2027
242559MX7
DEARBORN MICH ULTD TAXS GO SWR REF BDS 2014 (MI)*
3.625%
Apr 1, 2032
$1,405,000
—
May 20, 2026
242559KC5
—
—
Apr 1, 2032
—
—
—
242423CF6
DEARBORN BROWNFIELD REDEV AUTH MICH LTD TAX GO DEV RE…
2.0%
May 1, 2032
$480,000
—
May 1, 2031
242559UA8
DEARBORN MICH LTD TAX GO BDS 2018 B (MI)*
4.329%
May 1, 2032
$6,155,000
—
May 1, 2028
242559PL0
DEARBORN MICH GO LTD TAX CAP IMPT BDS 2017 (MI)*
3.0%
May 1, 2032
$975,000
—
May 1, 2027
242559RU8
DEARBORN MICH CAP IMPT BDS 2018 (MI)*
3.25%
May 1, 2032
$800,000
—
May 1, 2027
242559QY1
DEARBORN MICH CAP IMPT LTD TAX GO BDS 2017 B (MI)*
3.0%
May 1, 2032
$195,000
—
May 1, 2027
242423BL4
DEARBORN BROWNFIELD REDEV AUTH MICH LTD TAX GO REDEV …
3.15%
May 1, 2032
$265,000
—
May 1, 2027
242559KD3
—
4.7%
Apr 1, 2033
$5,400,000
—
—
242559NQ1
DEARBORN MICH GO ULTD TAX SWR BDS 2017 (MI)*
3.125%
Apr 1, 2033
$445,000
—
April 1, 2027
242559QA3
DEARBORN MICH GO SWR BDS 2017 B (MI)*
3.0%
Apr 1, 2033
$1,300,000
—
April 1, 2027
242559TB8
DEARBORN MICH UNLTD TAX GO SWR BDS 2018 (MI)*
4.0%
Apr 1, 2033
$1,175,000
—
April 1, 2028
242559RV6
DEARBORN MICH CAP IMPT BDS 2018 (MI)*
3.375%
May 1, 2033
$830,000
—
May 1, 2027
242423CG4
DEARBORN BROWNFIELD REDEV AUTH MICH LTD TAX GO DEV RE…
2.0%
May 1, 2033
$490,000
—
May 1, 2031
242423BM2
DEARBORN BROWNFIELD REDEV AUTH MICH LTD TAX GO REDEV …
3.25%
May 1, 2033
$275,000
—
May 1, 2027
242559QZ8
DEARBORN MICH CAP IMPT LTD TAX GO BDS 2017 B (MI)*
3.0%
May 1, 2033
$200,000
—
May 1, 2027
242559NR9
DEARBORN MICH GO ULTD TAX SWR BDS 2017 (MI)*
3.25%
Apr 1, 2034
$465,000
—
April 1, 2027
242559KE1
—
5.0%
Apr 1, 2034
$1,500,000
—
—
242559TC6
DEARBORN MICH UNLTD TAX GO SWR BDS 2018 (MI)*
4.0%
Apr 1, 2034
$1,225,000
—
April 1, 2028
242559QB1
DEARBORN MICH GO SWR BDS 2017 B (MI)*
3.0%
Apr 1, 2034
$1,400,000
—
April 1, 2027
242559MZ2
DEARBORN MICH ULTD TAXS GO SWR REF BDS 2014 (MI)*
3.75%
Apr 1, 2034
$2,970,000
—
May 20, 2026
242559RA2
DEARBORN MICH CAP IMPT LTD TAX GO BDS 2017 B (MI)*
3.0%
May 1, 2034
$205,000
—
May 1, 2027
242559RW4
DEARBORN MICH CAP IMPT BDS 2018 (MI)*
3.375%
May 1, 2034
$860,000
—
May 1, 2027
242423BN0
DEARBORN BROWNFIELD REDEV AUTH MICH LTD TAX GO REDEV …
3.35%
May 1, 2034
$280,000
—
May 1, 2027
242423CH2
DEARBORN BROWNFIELD REDEV AUTH MICH LTD TAX GO DEV RE…
2.0%
May 1, 2034
$500,000
—
May 1, 2031
242559NS7
DEARBORN MICH GO ULTD TAX SWR BDS 2017 (MI)*
3.25%
Apr 1, 2035
$480,000
—
April 1, 2027
242559QC9
DEARBORN MICH GO SWR BDS 2017 B (MI)*
3.0%
Apr 1, 2035
$1,400,000
—
April 1, 2027
242559TD4
DEARBORN MICH UNLTD TAX GO SWR BDS 2018 (MI)*
4.0%
Apr 1, 2035
$1,250,000
—
April 1, 2028
242423CJ8
DEARBORN BROWNFIELD REDEV AUTH MICH LTD TAX GO DEV RE…
2.0%
May 1, 2035
$510,000
—
May 1, 2031
242423BP5
DEARBORN BROWNFIELD REDEV AUTH MICH LTD TAX GO REDEV …
3.45%
May 1, 2035
$290,000
—
May 1, 2027
242559RX2
DEARBORN MICH CAP IMPT BDS 2018 (MI)*
3.375%
May 1, 2035
$890,000
—
May 1, 2027
242559SM5
DEARBORN MICH LTD GO BDS 2018 (MI)*
4.13%
May 1, 2035
$6,000,000
—
May 1, 2028
242559RB0
DEARBORN MICH CAP IMPT LTD TAX GO BDS 2017 B (MI)*
3.0%
May 1, 2035
$215,000
—
May 1, 2027
242559QD7
DEARBORN MICH GO SWR BDS 2017 B (MI)*
3.0%
Apr 1, 2036
$1,425,000
—
April 1, 2027
242559TE2
DEARBORN MICH UNLTD TAX GO SWR BDS 2018 (MI)*
4.0%
Apr 1, 2036
$1,275,000
—
April 1, 2028
242559NT5
DEARBORN MICH GO ULTD TAX SWR BDS 2017 (MI)*
3.375%
Apr 1, 2036
$500,000
—
April 1, 2027
242423CK5
DEARBORN BROWNFIELD REDEV AUTH MICH LTD TAX GO DEV RE…
2.0%
May 1, 2036
$520,000
—
May 1, 2031
242559RC8
DEARBORN MICH CAP IMPT LTD TAX GO BDS 2017 B (MI)*
3.0%
May 1, 2036
$220,000
—
May 1, 2027
242423BQ3
DEARBORN BROWNFIELD REDEV AUTH MICH LTD TAX GO REDEV …
3.55%
May 1, 2036
$300,000
—
May 1, 2027
242559RY0
DEARBORN MICH CAP IMPT BDS 2018 (MI)*
3.5%
May 1, 2036
$920,000
—
May 1, 2027
242559QE5
DEARBORN MICH GO SWR BDS 2017 B (MI)*
3.0%
Apr 1, 2037
$1,525,000
—
April 1, 2027
242559TF9
DEARBORN MICH UNLTD TAX GO SWR BDS 2018 (MI)*
4.0%
Apr 1, 2037
$1,300,000
—
April 1, 2028
242559NU2
DEARBORN MICH GO ULTD TAX SWR BDS 2017 (MI)*
3.375%
Apr 1, 2037
$520,000
—
April 1, 2027
242423CL3
DEARBORN BROWNFIELD REDEV AUTH MICH LTD TAX GO DEV RE…
2.0%
May 1, 2037
$530,000
—
May 1, 2031
242559RD6
DEARBORN MICH CAP IMPT LTD TAX GO BDS 2017 B (MI)*
3.0%
May 1, 2037
$230,000
—
May 1, 2027
242423BR1
DEARBORN BROWNFIELD REDEV AUTH MICH LTD TAX GO REDEV …
3.6%
May 1, 2037
$310,000
—
May 1, 2027
242559UB6
DEARBORN MICH LTD TAX GO BDS 2018 B (MI)*
4.627%
May 1, 2037
$12,240,000
—
May 1, 2028
242559TG7
DEARBORN MICH UNLTD TAX GO SWR BDS 2018 (MI)*
4.0%
Apr 1, 2038
$1,325,000
—
April 1, 2028
242559QF2
DEARBORN MICH GO SWR BDS 2017 B (MI)*
3.0%
Apr 1, 2038
$1,575,000
—
April 1, 2027
242559NVO
DEARBORN MICH GO ULTD TAX SWR BDS 2017 (MI)*
3.375%
Apr 1, 2038
$545,000
—
April 1, 2027
242423BS9
DEARBORN BROWNFIELD REDEV AUTH MICH LTD TAX GO REDEV …
3.625%
May 1, 2038
$325,000
—
May 1, 2027
242559RZ7
DEARBORN MICH CAP IMPT BDS 2018 (MI)*
3.625%
May 1, 2038
$1,935,000
—
May 1, 2027
242423CM1
DEARBORN BROWNFIELD REDEV AUTH MICH LTD TAX GO DEV RE…
2.0%
May 1, 2038
$540,000
—
May 1, 2031
242559RE4
DEARBORN MICH CAP IMPT LTD TAX GO BDS 2017 B (MI)*
3.0%
May 1, 2038
$240,000
—
May 1, 2027
242559QG0
DEARBORN MICH GO SWR BDS 2017 B (MI)*
3.0%
Apr 1, 2039
$1,625,000
—
April 1, 2027
242423CN9
DEARBORN BROWNFIELD REDEV AUTH MICH LTD TAX GO DEV RE…
2.125%
May 1, 2039
$550,000
—
May 1, 2031
242423AY7
DEARBORN BROWNFIELD REDEV AUTH MICH GO REDEV BDS 2009…
5.5%
May 1, 2039
$5,745,000
—
—
242559QH8
DEARBORN MICH GO SWR BDS 2017 B (MI)*
3.125%
Apr 1, 2040
$1,675,000
—
April 1, 2027
242559NW8
DEARBORN MICH GO ULTD TAX SWR BDS 2017 (MI)*
3.5%
Apr 1, 2040
$1,155,000
—
April 1, 2027
242423BT7
DEARBORN BROWNFIELD REDEV AUTH MICH LTD TAX GO REDEV …
3.7%
May 1, 2041
$1,040,000
—
May 1, 2027
242559NX6
DEARBORN MICH GO ULTD TAX SWR BDS 2017 (MI)*
3.5%
Apr 1, 2043
$1,920,000
—
April 1, 2027
242559QJ4
DEARBORN MICH GO SWR BDS 2017 B (MI)*
4.0%
Apr 1, 2043
$5,350,000
—
April 1, 2027
242559TN2
DEARBORN MICH UNLTD TAX GO SWR BDS 2018 (MI)*
4.0%
Apr 1, 2044
$8,125,000
—
April 1, 2028
242423BU4
DEARBORN BROWNFIELD REDEV AUTH MICH LTD TAX GO REDEV …
3.75%
May 1, 2046
$2,010,000
—
May 1, 2027
Market activity
EMMA · secondary trades · latest Sep 9, 2026
Each dot is a reported secondary trade — yield by trade date, sized by par, colored by trade side. Hover for detail.
Trade dateSecurityPriceYieldSizeSide
Sep 9242559SY9100.603.60%10,000Customer Bought
Sep 9242559SY9100.603.60%10,000Inter-Dealer Trade
Sep 9242559SY9100.533.65%10,000Customer Sold
Sep 4242423CC396.143.54%5,000Inter-Dealer Trade
Sep 4242423CC396.143.54%5,000Inter-Dealer Trade
Sep 4242423CC396.343.46%5,000Customer Bought
Sep 3242559SZ6101.123.27%25,000Customer Bought
Trade prints reported to the MSRB — a live market signal a manual issuer page cannot show.
⚠20 callable securities carry a stated call price — refunding candidates as rates move.
Annual financial filings posted to the MSRB’s EMMA, newest first — a reporting-cadence signal. Click a year to open the filing.
10 continuing-disclosure filings compiled
Latest filing within the past year · latest posting 2025-12-08
✓ Contact email on file✓ Issuer website on file
Counts what BondGov has compiled from the MSRB’s EMMA — a coverage fact, not a compliance rating or a days-late claim. Contact routes show as on file only; the address itself is never published here. Verify on EMMA ↗
Standing
as of Sep 11, 2026
What the public record shows about this issuer’s disclosure practice. Compiled from the MSRB’s EMMA and from award letters governments record themselves. MuniPro confers no credential and issues no rating.
Credentials on record
Conferred by GFOA, recorded from the award letter. Never inferred.
Certificate of Achievement for Excellence in Financial Reporting
No receipt on file
Distinguished Budget Presentation Award
No receipt on file
Popular Annual Financial Reporting Award
No receipt on file
Nothing recorded here means nothing has been recorded — not that an award was withheld.
Dated obligations
Filings a law or contract puts a date on.
Not measured
MuniPro does not hold this issuer’s own continuing-disclosure undertaking date, so no filing is called late here. Why →
Record quality
Disclosure practice — not an assessment of creditworthiness.
Annual reporting compiled
2 of 3
2 of 3 reporting years (2023–2025) have an annual financial filing compiled from the MSRB’s EMMA. The denominator is MuniPro’s 3-year reading window — it is NOT a filing obligation, and a missing year here means no filing was compiled, not that one was owed and skipped.
Record freshness
Within the past year
The newest continuing-disclosure filing MuniPro has compiled for this issuer was posted 277 days ago. This is the age of the public record — it is not a lateness claim, because MuniPro does not hold the date this issuer’s undertaking sets.
Filing timeliness
Not measured
Timeliness needs the date this issuer’s own continuing-disclosure undertaking sets. MuniPro does not hold it, and will not substitute a generic interval.
Standing describes disclosure practice — not an assessment of creditworthiness. It is not a rating, a rank against other governments, or a MuniPro credential.
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Frequently asked questions
Outstanding securities, official statements, and continuing-disclosure filings are compiled from the MSRB’s EMMA system and other public records. This profile is auto-compiled and has not yet been claimed by the issuer.
No. BondGov aggregates public information for transparency. Nothing here is an offer, solicitation, or recommendation. Consult the official statement and your own advisors before investing.